@article {Wilson:1999:0048-0169:167,
title = "Routes and doses of lignocaine hydrochloride for analgesia of the velvet antler of stags",
journal = "New Zealand Veterinary Journal",
parent_itemid = "infobike://tandf/nzvj",
publishercode ="tandf",
year = "1999",
volume = "47",
number = "5",
publication date ="1999-10-01T00:00:00",
pages = "167-174",
itemtype = "ARTICLE",
issn = "0048-0169",
eissn = "1176-0710",
url = "https://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/tandf/nzvj/1999/00000047/00000005/art00003",
keyword = "Anaesthesia/analgesia, Deer, Surgery",
author = "Wilson, PR and Thomas, DG and Stafford, KJ and Mellor, DJ",
abstract = "AIM: To evaluate the effectiveness of various routes of administration and doses of local anaesthetic to provide analgesia of the velvet antler of young stags. METHODS: In study 1, in which an electrical stimulus was used, 64 l-year-old male red and red X wapiti deer with velvet antler lo-30 cm long, were randomly allocated to one of ten treatments with four treatments/animal, and 23 or 24 antlers/treatment. Treatments delivered included three control groups, three local anaesthetic (2% lignocaine HCL) doses delivered by ring block (5, 10 or 15 ml per pedicle), and a high or low regional block with or without an auriculopalpebral nerve block (5 ml per site). An electrical stimulus was applied before and 1,2,4 and 8 minutes after local anaesthetic treatments and to controls, at an increasing voltage until a response was observed. The voltage and animal responses were recorded. In Study 2 the same seven local anaesthetic treatments (16-I 8 antlers/treatment) were evaluated using 58 of the stags from Study 1 when antlers were ready for removal, but a saw cut was used as the test stimulus. A test cut was applied to the antler I,2 and 4 minutes after application of local anaesthetic. If no response was observed, the antler was removed at that time. RESULTS: In Study 1, major dose and treatment effects were significantly different (p CONCLUSION: Ring blocks produced more consistent analgesia of the velvet antler than regional nerve blocks. The high dose ring block produced analgesia faster and more effectively than lower doses, and the regional nerve blocks were more effective when the auriculopalpebral nerve was blocked. KEY WORDS: Deer, velvet antler, antler removal, local anaesthesia, ring block, regional block, electrical stimulation.",
}