Influence of Coagulant Salt Addition on the Treatment of Oil-in-Water Emulsions by Centrifugation, Ultrafiltration, and Vacuum Evaporation

Authors: Gutierrez, G.¹; Lobo, A.¹; Allende, D.¹; Cambiella, A.¹; Pazos, C.¹; Coca, J.¹; Benito, J. M.²

Source: Separation Science and Technology, Volume 43, Number 7, May 2008 , pp. 1884-1895(12)

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Abstract:

Droplet size is a key factor in the treatment of oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions, because of its influence on emulsion properties. The addition of a coagulant salt generally causes emulsion destabilization, increasing the droplet size, and enhancing coalescence between oil droplets, which helps its further treatment. The influence of CaCl2 addition on droplet size distribution of a commercial O/W emulsion used in machining processes was studied in order to facilitate oil removal and to improve its further treatment by centrifugation, ultrafiltration (UF) and vacuum evaporation. The critical coagulation concentration (CCC) was observed at a CaCl2 concentration of 0.05 M. The quality of the final aqueous effluent, expressed as its chemical oxygen demand (COD) value, was compared for all treatments. The highest COD values were obtained for centrifugation, while the COD of the UF permeate was approximately constant for all UF trials. The best effluent quality was obtained by vacuum evaporation. A combination of these techniques should be appropriate for most industrial treatments of O/W emulsions, depending on the subsequent use of the resulting aqueous effluent.

Keywords: O/W emulsions; droplet size distribution; coagulant salt; centrifugation; ultrafiltration; vacuum evaporation

Document Type: Research article

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01496390801973953

Affiliations: 1: Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain 2: Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Burgos, Burgos, Spain

Publication date: 2008-05-01