Liquid-Liquid Extraction of Ruthenium from Chloride Media by N,N'-Dimethyl- N,N'-Dicyclohexylmalonamide
Research on the solvent extraction of ruthenium from hydrochloric acid media has been carried out using N,N'-dimethyl-N,N'-dicyclohexylmalonamide (DMDCHMA) dissolved in 1,2-dichloroethane. Ruthenium extraction percentages (%E) ranging from 50% to 80% have been achieved for HCl concentrations between 5 M and 7 M. Extraction curves exhibiting the dependence of the %E ruthenium on HCl concentration in the aqueous phases are presented, the latter solutions being obtained by dissolution of either Ru(III) or Ru(IV) salts. The influence of some experimental parameters on the %E Ru, such as the equilibration time, extractant concentrations, and hydrogen-ion activities, has been thoroughly investigated. Additionally, DMDCHMA is also adequate for extracting Pd(II) from 5 M to 7 M HCl solutions and under similar experimental conditions, %E Rh(III) is below 5%, and Pt(IV), Ir(III), and Ir(IV) cause the formation of third phases. Both Ru and Pd(II) can be successfully stripped from the loaded organic phases with water. A partition scheme to isolate Ru from a number of some associated elements has also been attempted.
Keywords: Ruthenium; hydrochloric acid; liquid-liquid extraction; malonamide derivative
Document Type: Research Article
Affiliations: Centro de Quimica e Bioquimica, Departamento de Quimica e Bioquimica, Faculdade de Ciencias da Universidade de Lisboa (DQB-FCUL), Lisbon, Portugal
Publication date: 01 March 2011
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