1-Microglobulin levels and correlation with cadmium and other metals in urine of non-smoking women among general populations in Japan

Authors: Moriguchi, Jiro¹; Ezaki, Takafumi¹; Tsukahara, Teruomi¹; Furuki, Katsuya²; Fukui, Yoshinari¹; Okamoto, Satoru¹; Ukai, Hirohiko¹; Sakurai, Harukiko³; Ikeda, Masayuki¹

Source: Toxicological and Environmental Chemistry, Volume 87, Number 1, January–March 2005 , pp. 119-133(15)

Publisher: Taylor and Francis Ltd

Abstract:

The present study was initiated to examine urinary a1-microglobulin (a1-MG-U) levels among non-smoking women in the general population in Japan. A previously established database on spot urine samples from adult woman volunteers in 10 non-polluted areas all over Japan was re-examined. The data examined were on a1-MG-U, cadmium, calcium, magnesium and zinc levels in urine (Cd-U, Ca-U, Mg-U and Zn-U, respectively), urinary creatinine (CR or cr), urine specific gravity (SG or sg), smoking habits and age. Thus, 8975 never-smoking women were selected for statistical analyses. The grand geometric mean (GM) for a1-MG-U among the population was 2.1?mg/L or 2.5?mg/g?cr, depending on the correction for urine density. It was 1.1?µg/L or 1.3?µg/g?cr for GM Cd-U. The inter-area difference in a1-MG-U was <1.5?mg/g?cr or <0.7?mg/L; the area with the highest or lowest GM Cd-U was not always highest or lowest in GM a1-MG-U. The correlation coefficient (0.53) between log?Cd-U and log?a1-MG-U (both without urine density correction) became substantially smaller when the analyte levels were corrected for CR (0.25) or SG (0.26). In multiple regression analysis, the power of influence of the five independent variables (log?Cd-U, Ca-U, Mg-U, Zn-U and age) in combination was small ( R 2 ???0.13). In contrast, logistic regression analysis suggested that a1-MG-U might be elevated as a function of an increase in Cd-U, depending on the cut-off values. Discussion was made on dose (Cd-Ucr) and response (a1-MG-Ucr) relationship based on information available in literatures to show that the increment in a1-MG-Ucr per Cd-Ucr was much greater when Cd-Ucr was large, e.g., in excess of 10?µg/g?cr.

Keywords: Cadmium; general population; Japan; 1-microglobulin; urine; women

Document Type: Research article

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02772240400010389

Affiliations: 1: Kyoto Industrial Health Association, Kyoto 604-8472, Japan 2: Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan 3: Occupational Health Research and Development Center, Japan Industrial Safety and Health Association, Tokyo 108-0014, Japan

Publication date: 2005-01-01

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• In this Subject: Chemistry (General) ,  Earth and Environmental Sciences ,  Toxicology
• By this author: Moriguchi, Jiro ;  Ezaki, Takafumi ;  Tsukahara, Teruomi ;  Furuki, Katsuya ;  Fukui, Yoshinari ;  Okamoto, Satoru ;  Ukai, Hirohiko ;  Sakurai, Harukiko ;  Ikeda, Masayuki

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