@article {Capua:April 2004:0307-9457:158,
	author = "Capua, Ilaria",
	author = "Terregino, Calogero",
	author = "Cattoli, Giovanni",
	author = "Toffan, Anna",
	title = "Increased resistance of vaccinated turkeys to experimental infection with an H7N3 low-pathogenicity avian influenza virus",
	journal = "Avian Pathology",
	volume = "33",
	year = "April 2004",
	abstract = "A trial was performed to establish whether turkeys vaccinated against avian influenza with a vaccine containing a strain with a heterologous neuraminidase to the challenge virus required a higher infectious dose to develop infection than naïve birds. Birds were vaccinated with a commercially available, inactivated oil emulsion product containing the strain A/ty/Italy/99/(H7N1) and challenged with different dilutions of a LPAI isolate A/ty/Italy/8000/02(H7N3) obtained during the 2002 to 2003 Italian epidemic. Groups of 10 vaccinated and 10 unvaccinated birds were infected experimentally with a virus suspension containing 10 2 , 10 4 and 10 6 median embryo infective dose (EID50)/0.1 ml. Infected birds were observed daily with tracheal and cloacal swabs collected at regular intervals for antigen detection, virus isolation and real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Pre-infection and post-infection serology was also performed. The results of the experiment indicate that infection is achieved in naïve birds with 10 4 EID50, while vaccinated birds are resistant at this challenge dose. Vaccinated and unvaccinated birds were susceptible to infection with 10 6 EID50, although the duration and/or the number of birds shedding was reduced in the vaccinated group. The data presented indicate that heterologous vaccination in the framework of a ‘Differentiating Infected from Vaccinated Animals' strategy can be a valid tool to support eradication measures in areas with high densities of susceptible animals.",
	pages = "158-163(6)",
	url = "http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/tandf/cavp/2004/00000033/00000002/art00007"
	doi = "doi:10.1080/03079450310001652077"
}