In order to give adequate support to risk managers, new risk assessment methods should be developed that are (1) scientifically sound, (2) simplified, and (3) suited for precautionary risk management. In this Perspective we propose that the notion of a precautionary default can be a useful tool in the development of such methods. A precautionary default is a cautious or pessimistic assumption that is used in the absence of adequate information and that should be replaced when such information is obtained. Furthermore, we point out some promising research areas for the development of such indicators, viz. connections between chemical characteristics such as persistence and effect parameters, monitoring of contaminants in polar regions, monitoring of contaminants in breast milk, application of results from (human) toxicology in ecotoxicology and vice versa, (eco)toxicological test systems that are sensitive to effects on reproduction, and the application of bioinformatic methods to complex data, both in genomic research and in ecotoxicology. We conclude that precautionary decision-making does not require less science, but to the contrary it requires more science and improved communication between scientists and risk managers.
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Keywords:
Precautionary Principle;
chemicals;
precautionary defaults;
risk management
Document Type: Research Article
Affiliations:
1:
Philosophy Unit, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
2:
Institute of Applied Environmental Research, Stockholm University, Sweden
3:
Department of Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Sweden
4:
Department of Environmental Toxicology, Uppsala University, Sweden
5:
Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Sweden
6:
Department of Zoology, Gorg University, Sweden
7:
Department of Ecology, Lund University, Sweden
8:
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
Publication date:
01 February 2004