SEQUENCE Visualization of Natural Attenuation Trends at Hill Air Force Base, Utah

Authors: Carey, Grant R.¹; Wiedemeier, Todd H.²; Geel, Paul J. Van³; McBean, Edward A.⁴; Murphy, J. Richard⁴; Rovers, Frank A.⁴

Source: Bioremediation Journal, Volume 3, Number 4, October-December 1999 , pp. 379-393(15)

Publisher: Taylor and Francis Ltd

Abstract:

For monitored natural attenuation to be considered as an acceptable remedial approach, the proponent must clearly document converging lines of evidence that illustrate the effectiveness of this measure. SEQUENCE, a visualization tool based on a modified radial diagram approach, is ideally suited for evaluating spatial and temporal trends that provide supporting evidence for the efficacy of monitored natural attenuation. SEQUENCE was applied to evaluate the natural attenuation of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and total xylene (BTEX) concentrations observed in groundwater at Hill Air Force Base, Utah. SEQUENCE-BTEX maps provided an efficient means of documenting the declining BTEX concentrations downgradient from the source area. SE-QUENCE-Redox maps were used to facilitate a correlation between elevated BTEX concentrations; decreasing electron acceptor concentrations (oxygen, nitrate, and sulfate); and elevated metabolic byproduct concentrations (iron(II) and methane) providing a second line of evidence that suggests BTEX compounds are being destroyed through biodegradation processes downgradient from the source area. Site-specific guidelines for interpolating representative data sets for use with the SEQUENCE approach are discussed.

Document Type: Research article

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10889869991219460

Affiliations: 1: Groundwater Insight, 1365 Richmond Road, P.O. Box 7255, Ottawa, Ontario, K2A 4E3 2: Parsons Engineering Science, Inc., 1700 Broadway, Suite 900, Denver, CO 80290 3: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6 4: Conestoga-Rovers & Associates, 651 Colby Drive, Waterloo, Ontario N2V 1C2

Publication date: 1999-10-01

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