Deciphering a complex genetic regulatory network: the Bacillus subtilis σ^W protein and intrinsic resistance to antimicrobial compounds

Author: Helmann, John D.

Source: Science Progress, Volume 89, Numbers 3-4, August 2006 , pp. 243-266(24)

Publisher: Science Reviews 2000 Ltd

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Abstract:

Bacillus subtilis, a spore-forming soil bacterium, is the preeminent model system for the analysis of gene regulation in Gram-positive bacteria. Early genetic analyses established that this organism uses alternative sigma (σ) subunits to reprogram RNA polymerase to activate genes required for growth phase transitions, motility, general stress response, and sporulation. Unexpectedly, the genome sequence predicts the presence of an additional seven s subunits: all members of the extracytoplasmic function (ECF) σ subfamily of regulators that typically respond to cell envelope stresses. Here, we review our current understanding of one of these σ factors, σ^W, with an emphasis on experimental strategies and approaches. Exposure to cell envelope active antibiotics and toxic peptides triggers a signaling cascade that releases σ^W from its cognate anti-σ thereby allowing transcription of ∼60 σ^W-dependent genes. These genes encode proteins that inactivate, sequester, or eliminate toxic compounds from the cell.

Keywords: gene regulation; transcription; RNA polymerase; sigma; cell wall; antibiotic; bacteriocin; genomics; microarray

Document Type: Research article

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3184/003685006783238290

Affiliations: 1: Department of Microbiology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-8101, USA

Publication date: 2006-08-15

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