Home >> The American Surgeon, Volume 73, Number 5

Accessory Breasts: A Historical and Current Perspective

Authors: Loukas, Marios1; Clarke, Pamela2; Tubbs, R. Shane3

Source: The American Surgeon, Volume 73, Number 5, May 2007 , pp. 525-528(4)

Publisher: Southeastern Surgical Congress

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Abstract:

The presence of accessory breast tissue such as extra nipples (polythelia) and extra breast (polymastia) is relatively common, with a high incidence of being misdiagnosed in clinical medicine. Although polythelia is congenital in origin and is identifiable at childhood, polymastia may not be evident until the influence of sex hormones during puberty. In this article, we present a review of the literature concerning the historical background of accessory breasts, their incidence, their misdiagnoses, and their association with other syndromes and diseases. Finally, we present the common treatment options available today for such conditions.

Document Type: Research article

Affiliations: 1: From the Department of Anatomical Sciences, St. George's University, School of Medicine, Grenada, West Indies; the, Department of Education and Development, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; and the 2: From the Department of Anatomical Sciences, St. George's University, School of Medicine, Grenada, West Indies; the 3: Department of Cell Biology and Section of Pediatric Neurosurgery, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama

Publication date: 2007-05-01

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  • The Southeastern Surgical Congress owns and publishes The American Surgeon monthly. It is the official journal of the Congress and the Southern California Chapter of the American College of Surgeons, which all members receive each month. The journal brings up to date clinical advances in surgical knowledge in a popular reference format. In addition to publishing papers presented at the annual meetings of the associated organizations, the journal publishes selected unsolicited manuscripts. If you have a manuscript you'd like to see published in The American Surgeon select "Information for Authors" from the Related Information options below. A Copyright Release Form must accompany all manuscripts submitted.
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