Authors: Carmody, Onuma¹; Frost, Ray L.¹; Kristóf, János²; Kokot, Serge¹; Kloprogge, J. Theo¹; Makó, Éva³

Source: Applied Spectroscopy, Volume 60, Issue 12, Pages 298A-334A and 1353-1494 (December 2006) , pp. 1414-1422(9)

Publisher: Society for Applied Spectroscopy

Abstract:

Studies of kaolinite surfaces are of industrial importance. One useful method for studying the changes in kaolinite surface properties is to apply chemometric analyses to the kaolinite surface infrared spectra. A comparison is made between the mechanochemical activation of Kiralyhegy kaolinites with significant amounts of natural quartz and the mechanochemical activation of Zettlitz kaolinite with added quartz. Diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform (DRIFT) spectra were analyzed using principal component analysis (PCA) and multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) methods, the preference ranking organization method for enrichment evaluations (PROMETHEE) and geometrical analysis for interactive assistance (GAIA). The clear discrimination of the Kiralyhegy spectral objects on the two PC scores plots (400-800 and 800-2030 cm⁻¹) indicated the dominance of quartz. Importantly, no ordering of any spectral objects appeared to be related to grinding time in the PC plots of these spectral regions. Thus, neither the kaolinite nor the quartz are systematically responsive to grinding time according to the spectral criteria investigated. The third spectral region (2600-3800 cm⁻¹, OH vibrations), showed apparent systematic ordering of the Kiralyhegy and, to a lesser extent, Zettlitz spectral objects with grinding time. This was attributed to the effect of the natural quartz on the delamination of kaolinite and the accompanying phenomena (i.e., formation of kaolinite spheres and water). The mechanochemical activation of kaolinite and quartz, through dry grinding, results in changes to the surface structure. Different grinding times were adopted to study the rate of destruction of the kaolinite and quartz structures. This relationship (i.e., grinding time) was classified using PROMETHEE and GAIA methodology.

Keywords: KAOLINITE SURFACES; HALLOYSITE; CHEMOMETRICS; PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS; PCA; PREFERENCE RANKING ORGANIZATION METHOD FOR ENRICHM; PROMETHEE; GEOMETRICAL ANALYSIS FOR INTERACTIVE ASSISTANCE; GAIA; DIFFUSE REFLECTANCE INFRARED FOURIER TRANSFORM; DRIFT

Document Type: Research article

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/000370206779321472

Affiliations: 1: Inorganic Materials Research Program, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, GPO Box 2434, Brisbane Queensland 4001, Australia 2: Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Pannonia, Veszprem, Hungary 3: Department of Silicate and Materials Engineering, University of Pannonia, Veszprem, Hungary

Publication date: 2006-12-01

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