@article {Leonardi:1999:0003-7028:637,
	author = "Leonardi, Lorenzo and Burns, David H.",
	title = "Quantitative Multiwavelength Constituent Measurements Using Single-Wavelength Photon Time-of-Flight Correction",
	journal = "Applied Spectroscopy",
	volume = "53",
	number = "6",
	year = "1999",
	abstract = "A method to correct for spectral variations in multiwavelength responses using a photon time-of-flight measurement was investigated. A new approach is described where near-infrared spectra of various absorbing and scattering solutions are corrected for nonlinear variations in the measured attenuation. The spectral attenuation measured in a sample is related to the concentration of the analyte as well as the scattering from the medium. The dependence of the detected attenuation on the absorption and scattering at a single wavelength can be described by the steady-state diffusion approximation. With the use of the steady-state diffusion approximation, single-wavelength correction methodologies for multiwavelength responses were developed to refine constituent estimates in a scattering medium. The single-wavelength corrections examined the use of multiwavelength responses ratioed to the absorption and scattering determined at a single wavelength to reduce the scattering influence in the detected attenuations. The single-wavelength correction method improved constituent estimates in a variable medium. The correction utilized the absorption and scattering determined from processed time-resolved photon distributions at a single wavelength. Partial least-squares (PLS) regression was used to obtain constituent absorption estimates from diffuse transmittance spectra of turbid samples. A 70% improvement over PLS-processed spectra was obtained with a combined single-wavelength absorption and scattering correction. In comparison to steady-state multiwavelength correction methods such as wavelength normalization, derivative spectroscopy, and multiplicative signal correction, the results demonstrate a significant improvement in estimates of the dye concentration. Results suggest a practical method to correct for scatter variations in multiwavelength responses for routine spectroscopic chemical analysis of turbid samples.",
	pages = "637-646",
	url = "http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/sas/sas/1999/00000053/00000006/art00004",
	doi = "doi:10.1366/0003702991947289",
	keyword = "NEAR-INFRARED, SCATTERING MEDIA, TRANSMITTANCE, MULTIWAVELENGTH CALIBRATION, PHOTON TIME-OF-FLIGHT, PARTIAL LEAST-SQUARES REGRESSION"
}