@article {Zanini:1999:1057-610X:247,
title = "Middle Eastern Terrorism and Netwar",
journal = "Studies in Conflict and Terrorism",
parent_itemid = "infobike://routledg/uter",
publishercode ="routledg",
year = "1999",
volume = "22",
number = "3",
publication date ="1999-07-01T00:00:00",
pages = "247-256",
itemtype = "ARTICLE",
issn = "1057-610X",
eissn = "1521-0731",
url = "https://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/routledg/uter/1999/00000022/00000003/art00005",
doi = "doi:10.1080/105761099265757",
author = "Zanini, Michele",
abstract = "Middle Eastern terrorist groups such as Hamas, the bin Laden organization, and Egypt's Islamic Group have been most active in recent years. These differ markedly from the "classical" terrorist groups formed in the 1960s, not only in their ideology, but also in their organizational structures. The newer groups tend to be structured in more decentralized organizational designs, often resembling loose networks. Networked structures are made feasible and effective by the information revolution, and have important implications for predicting and countering terrorist acts. This paper argues that terrorist groups will engage in information-age conflict or netwar, using information technology as an enabling factor. In some cases, therefore, terrorists groups will have an interest in keeping the "Net" up, not down.",
}