Birth Order in Transgendered Males from Polynesia: A Quantitative Study of Samoan Fa'afāfine
Authors: POASA, KRIS1; BLANCHARD, RAY2; ZUCKER, KENNETH3
Source: Journal of Sex and Marital Therapy, Volume 30, Number 1, Jan-Feb 2004 , pp. 13-23(11)
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Abstract:
In previous research, a late birth order has been shown to be a characteristic of Western homosexual transsexual men. To date, however, it is not clear if a late birth order is specific to Western transsexuals or may be a characteristic of non-Western transgendered males as well. We quantified birth order in a sample of 13 transgendered males known as fa'affine from Samoa. On average, the fa'affine were late born, both with regard to number of older brothers and number of older sisters, although the effect appeared to be somewhat stronger with regard to number of older brothers. We consider possible interpretations of the late birth order effect, along with recommendations for further research to identify common mechanisms that might underlie transgenderism across different cultural groups.Document Type: Research article
DOI: 10.1080/00926230490247110
Affiliations: 1: Department of Psychology and Professional Counseling, Northwest Christian College, Eugene, Oregon 2: Clinical Sexology Services, Law and Mental Health Program, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada 3: Child and Adolescent Gender Identity Clinic, Child Psychiatry Program, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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