Crowded and Dangerous Space: Space Navigation System Proliferation's Impact on Future Security Operations

U.S. success in conducting expeditionary operations globally has made GPS-equivalent capabilities essential for a modern military and also for a robust economy. As a result, other states are building independent satnav systems or in the Russia case replenishing and modernizing their GLONASS [Global Navigation Satellite System] system. One outcome is that future military operations involving multiple states may find other satnav systems being used in the regions. What consequences occur is the focus of this analysis.