@article {M.:Summer 2001:0954-6553:85, author = "M. Malvesti", title = "Explaining the United States Decision to Strike Back at Terrorists", journal = "Terrorism and Political Violence", volume = "13", year = "Summer 2001", abstract = "When an anti-US international terrorism incident occurs, the preferred US counter-terrorism response is law enforcement action. Sometimes, however, US decision-makers supplement or supplant this approach with a 'power' approach via overt military action. Among the more than 2,400 anti-US incidents over a 16-year period, the US has applied military force in response to only three: the 1986 Libyan bombing of a West German discotheque; the 1993 Iraqi attempt to assassinate former President Bush in Kuwait; and the 1998 bombing of two US embassies in East Africa by bin Laden operatives. What differentiates these incidents from other anti-US attacks? Although the presidents who ordered the strikes offered justifications common to each, this article uncovers five other factors that may have greater explanatory power.", pages = "85-106(22)", url = "http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/routledg/tpv/2001/00000013/00000002/art00006" doi = "doi:10.0000/09629359990685" }