Authors: Benson, Tim¹; Sizmur, Steve²; Whatling, Justin³; Arikan, Seref³; McDonald, Dianna²; Ingram, David³

Source: Informatics in Primary Care, Volume 18, Number 2, October 2010 , pp. 89-101(13)

Publisher: Radcliffe Publishing Ltd.

Abstract:

Background: Quality of life is paramount for patients and clinicians, but existing measures of health were not developed for routine use.

Objectives: This paper describes the development and testing of a new generic tool for measuring health related quality of life (HRQoL) with direct comparison to the SF-12 Health Survey.

Methods: The new tool (howRu) has four items (discomfort, distress, disability and dependence), rated using four levels (none, a little, quite a lot and extreme), providing 256 possible states (4⁴); it has an aggregate scoring scheme with a range from 0 (worst) to 12 (best). Psychometric properties were examined in a telephone survey, which also recorded SF-12.

Results: The howRu script is shorter than SF-12 (45 words vs 294 words) and has better readability statistics. 2751 subjects, all with long-term conditions (average age 62, female 62.8%), completed the survey; 21.7% were at the ceiling (no reported problems on any dimension); 0.9% at the floor. Inter-item correlations, Cronbach's alpha and principal factor analysis suggest that a single summary score is appropriate. Correlations between the physical and mental components of both howRu and SF-12 were as expected. Across all patients the howRu score was correlated with PCS-12 (r=0.74), MCS-12 (r=0.49) and the sum of PCS-12 and MCS-12 (r=0.81). Subjects were classified by howRu score, primary condition, the number of conditions suffered, age group, duration of illness and area of residence. Across all six classifications, the correlation of the mean howRu score with the mean PCS-12 for each class was r=0.91, with MCS-12, r=0.45 and with the sum of PCS-12 and MCS-12, r=0.97.

Conclusions: howRu is a new short generic measure of HRQoL, with good psychometric properties. It generates similar aggregate results to SF-12. It could provide a quick and easy way for practitioners to monitor the health of patients with long-term conditions.

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Keywords: HEALTH STATUS; HEALTH RELATED QUALITY OF LIFE; HOWRU; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT; PATIENT REPORTED OUTCOME MEASURES; SF-12

Document Type: Regular paper

Affiliations: 1: Abies Ltd, London, UK; Wellcome Trust Sintero Server Project, Cardiff University School of Computer Science and Informatics, London, UK; CHIME, University College London, London, UK 2: Picker Institute Europe, Oxford, UK 3: CHIME, University College London, London, UK

Publication date: 2010-10-01

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