Risk: Perception, Acceptance and Homeostasis

Author: Simonet S.

Source: Applied Psychology, Volume 46, Number 3, 1 July 1997 , pp. 235-252(18)

Publisher: Psychology Press, part of the Taylor & Francis Group

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Abstract:

Comme aucun comportement humain n'est parfaitement assure d'atteindre son objectif, tout comportement peut etre interprete comme relevant d'une prise de risque. Des notions telles que la perception du risque et la tolerance au risque sont par suite fondamentales dans l'approche du comportement, en particulier dans l'analyse des comportements sur la route et des facteurs d'accidents. Dans cet article, on presente les dimensions fondamentales de la theorie de l'homeostasie du risque (RHT) en montrant que cette theorie peut aider a rendre compte de la frequence des accidents et etre exploitee dans le cadre d'une strategie efficace de prevention. Des exemples empiriques prouvent le manque d'efficacite des solutions actuelles (techniques, educatives et judiciaires) dans la reduction du taux des accidents. Par contre, des campagnes motivantes bien concues en faveur de la securite peuvent reussir (et sont parvenues) a prevenir des accidents. As there is no human behaviour with total certainty of outcome, all behaviour may be viewed as risk taking. Notions such as risk perception and risk acceptance are, therefore, central to the understanding of behaviour, including behaviour in traffic and the causation of accidents. This paper presents the basic features of risk homeostasis theory (RHT) and explains how this theory may help to understand the causation of the accident rate and how it may be used to develop an effective accident-prevention strategy. Empirical examples demonstrating the lack of effectiveness of current engineering, education, and enforcement practices in reducing the accident rate are given, and the prevention of accidents that can be, and has been, achieved by properly designed incentive programmes for safety is pointed out.

Language: English

Document Type: Research article

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