Pilgrims' Progress: The Business of the Hajj*The research and writing of this article has been supported by grants from the National Endowment for the Humanities, the John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation, the American Council of Learned Societies and the German Marshall Fund of the United States. I would also like to thank the members of the Shelby Cullom Davis Center for Historical Studies at Princeton University for their comments on an earlier version. An earlier version was also presented at the `Seascapes, Littoral Cultures, and Trans-Oceanic Exchanges Conference' (Washington DC, 12-15 February 2003), sponsored by the American Historical Association. Peter Yurkosky prepared the map.