IngentaConnect Somatic embryogenesis and plantlet formation in Santalum album an...

Authors: Rugkhla, A¹; Jones, MGK²

Source: Journal of Experimental Botany, Volume 49, Number 320, March 1998 , pp. 563-571(9)

Abstract:

A reproducible system for somatic embryogenesis and plantlet formation of sandalwood has been developed. A high frequency (100%) of somatic embryos were induced directly from various explants in MS (Murashige and Skoog, 1962) medium with thidiazuron (1 or 2 mgr

M) or indirectly in medium containing 2,4-D plus thidiazuron. Within 8 weeks, white globular somatic embryos or friable embryogenic tissue developed on cultured explants. In S. album the globular somatic embryos were transferred to MS medium supplemented with IAA (6 mgr

M) and kinetin (1 and mgr

M) where they developed further, multiplied and maintained friable embryogenic tissue. After 15-30 d, mature somatic embryos (1-2 mm) with well-developed cotyledons were separated and subcultured on to medium containing GA<INF>3</INF> (6 mgr

M) for germination. Once germinated, elongated somatic embryos (10-20 mm long) grew further in MS supplemented with lower GA<INF>3</INF> (3 mgr

M). In S. spicatum, the addition of casein hydrolysate and coconut milk was necessary for plantlet development from somatic embryos. From histological studies, it appeared that primary somatic embryos arose from single cells or had a multicellular origin from the epidermis or cortical parenchyma. Secondary somatic embryos and friable embryogenic tissue differentiated from groups of proembryogenic cells from a superficial layer of the primary somatic embryos.

Keywords: Santalum album; Santalum spicatum; somatic embryogenesis; histological studies

Document Type: Research article

Affiliations: 1: School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Murdoch University, Perth, WA 6150, Australia 2: Western Australian State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, Murdoch University, Perth, WA 6150, Australia

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Somatic embryogenesis and plantlet formation in Santalum album and S. spicatum