Authors: Van Deelen, T.R.¹; Quigley, H.B.²; Craighead, D.³

Source: Canadian Journal of Zoology, Volume 91, Number 2, January 2013 , pp. 82-93(12)

Publisher: NRC Research Press

Abstract:

We examined predation habits of cougars (Puma concolor (L., 1771)) following the recent recovery of gray wolves (Canis lupus L., 1758) in the southern Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem. With the extirpation of wolves in the early 20th century, cougars likely expanded their niche space to include space vacated by wolves, and increased use of habitat better suited to the foraging of a coursing predator, like wolves. We predicted that as wolves recolonized their former range, competitive exclusion would compel cougars to cede portions of niche space occupied in the absence of wolves. To examine this hypothesis, we radio-tracked cougars and examined their predation sites from winter 2000-2001 through summer 2009. Variation in foraging by cougars was associated with increasing wolf presence. As wolf numbers increased and the mean distance between wolf pack activity centers and cougar predation sites decreased, cougars made kills at higher elevations on more north-facing slopes during summer and in more rugged areas during winter. In addition, cougars preyed on a higher proportion of mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus (Rafinesque, 1817)), consistent with predictions of exploitative competition with wolves. Observed changes in predation characteristics reflect differences in predation strategy between cougars and wolves, given that wolves are coursing predators and cougars are ambush predators. These possible predation effects should be considered when developing management strategies in systems where the recolonization of wolves may occur.

Keywords: Canis lupus; cougars; competition; predation; Puma concolor; radio telemetry; recolonization; wolves; Wyoming; Canis lupus; pumas; concurrence; prédation; Puma concolor; radiotélémétrie; rétablissement; loups; Wyoming

Document Type: Research article

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2012-0147

Affiliations: 1: Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin - Madison, 1630 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA. 2: Panthera, P.O. Box 11363, Bozeman, MT 59719, USA; Craighead Beringia South, P.O. Box 147, Kelly, WY 83011, USA. 3: Craighead Beringia South, P.O. Box 147, Kelly, WY 83011, USA.

Publication date: 2013-01-15

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• Published since 1929, this monthly journal reports on primary research contributed by respected international scientists in the broad field of zoology, including behaviour, biochemistry and physiology, developmental biology, ecology, genetics, morphology and ultrastructure, parasitology and pathology, and systematics and evolution. It also invites experts to submit review articles on topics of current interest.
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