Authors: Dekker, Mark J.; Wright, Amanda J.; Mazurak, Vera C.; Graham, Terry E.; Marangoni, Alejandro G.; Robinson, Lindsay E.

Source: Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, Volume 32, Number 6, December 2007 , pp. 1073-1081(9)

Publisher: NRC Research Press

Abstract:

The impact of dietary fat on postprandial metabolic biomarkers for obesity-related chronic diseases, such as type-2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease, has received significant recent attention. However, there is no standard method to evaluate the postprandial response to dietary fat alone. Our goals were to develop a novel oral fat tolerance test (OFTT) consisting solely of emulsified lipids tailored for specific fatty acid compositions and to evaluate the functionality of specific ratios of polyunsaturated/saturated fatty acid (P/S) loading on postprandial triacylglyceride (TAG) concentrations. Two OFTTs of emulsified lipids were prepared with specific P/S ratios of 0.2 and 2.0. Physical characteristics of the fat blends, including TAG composition, melting point, and emulsion droplet size were quantified. Healthy, older (age> 45y) men (n = 8) underwent an 8h postprandial study wherein they received the OFTT treatment (either the P/S ratio of 0.2 or 2.0), with a total lipid load of 1 g/kg subject body mass. All subjects received both treatments separated by at least 1week. Both the P/S 0.2 and 2.0 OFTT significantly elevated (p< 0.05) blood TAG and free fatty acid concentrations for 8h without increasing blood glucose or serum insulin concentrations. The predominant fatty acids contained in the P/S 0.2 (palmitic acid, 16:0) and 2.0 (linoleic acid, 18:2(n-6)) OFTT blends were significantly elevated in the blood (p< 0.05) during their respective postprandial periods. We concluded that blood TAGs are elevated in a specific pattern through the administration of novel OFTTs with specific P/S blends without eliciting an insulin or glucose response.

Plusieurs études s'intéressent à l'impact des graisses alimentaires sur les marqueurs métaboliques postprandiaux en présence de maladies associées à l'obésité (diabète de type 2, maladies cardiovasculaires). Cependant, il n'y a pas de méthode standardisée pour évaluer la réponse postprandiale de l'organisme à la consommation de graisses alimentaires seules. Le but de l'étude est de développer un nouveau test per os de tolérance aux graisses alimentaires (OFTT) consistant uniquement d'une émulsion de lipides conçue pour un ratio d'acides gras spécifiques et d'évaluer l'impact fonctionnel d'un mélange d'acides gras polyinsaturés et saturés (P/S) sur les concentrations postprandiales de triacylglycérides (TAG). Nous préparons 2 émulsions de lipides présentant un ratio donné d'acides gras; 0,2 et 2,0 et nous décrivons les caractéristiques physiques des mélanges de graisses par leur contenu de TAG, leur point d'ébullition et la dimension des gouttelettes de l'émulsion. Huit hommes de plus de 45 ans en bonne santé participent aux séances d'une durée de 8h au cours desquelles ils consomment un des 2 mélanges de graisses au ratio donné (0,2 ou 2,0) à raison de 1g/kg de masse corporelle. Tous les sujets consomment l'autre mélange une semaine plus tard tout au plus. Les 2 mélanges causent une augmentation significative des concentrations sanguines de TAG et d'acides gras libres (p< 0,05) qui persiste durant 8h sans qu'on observe une augmentation du glucose sanguin ou de l'insuline sérique. Les acides gras surtout présents dans les mélanges dont le ratio est de 0,2 (acide palmitique, 16:0) et de 2,0 (acide linoléique, 18:2(n-6)) se retrouvent en concentration significativement plus grande (p< 0,05) dans le sang au cours des périodes postprandiales correspondantes. Les concentrations sanguines de TAG augmentent selon des modalités spécifiques après la consommation de mélanges de graisses alimentaires au ratio donné sans qu'il y ait une réponse insulinique ou glucosée.

Document Type: Research article

Publication date: 2007-12-01

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• This bimonthly journal has a 30-year history of publishing, first as the Canadian Journal of Sport Sciences, and later as the Canadian Journal of Applied Physiology. It publishes original research articles, reviews, and commentaries, focussing on the application of physiology, nutrition, and metabolism to the study of human health, physical activity, and fitness. The published research, reviews, and symposia will be of interest to exercise physiologists, physical fitness and exercise rehabilitation specialists, public health and health care professionals, as well as basic and applied physiologists, nutritionists, and biochemists.
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