Deep-Diving Manned Research Submersibles

The global fleet of deep-diving manned research submersibles comprises thirteen human occupied vehicles (HOV), eleven of which are presently operational, managed by different agencies in France, Japan, Russia and the United States. The basic components of these submersibles are similar, but significant differences exist in capabilities and operational styles. The most efficient and effective use of deep-diving HOV’s is as the final tool after the dive target has been located by a systematic search procedure of closing range using ships and unmanned vehicles (towed, ROV, or AUV) as platforms for various measurement, imaging and sampling methods. A key role continues to exist for deep-diving HOV’s as the ultimate tool to investigate the deep ocean when judiciously used by the trained observer in coordination with other shipboard and unmanned deep submergence methods. The scientific value of the human presence within the deep ocean is irreplaceable by other methods.