Authors: Machtei E.E.; Hausmann E.¹; Dunford R.¹; Grossi S.¹; Ho A.¹; Davis G.²; Chandler J.²; Zambon J.¹; Genco R.J.¹

Source: Journal of Clinical Periodontology, Volume 26, Number 6, June 1999 , pp. 374-380(7)

Publisher: Wiley-Blackwell

Abstract:

Abstract. Longitudinal assessment of risk factors for periodontal disease is necessary to provide evidence that a putative risk factor or risk indicator is a true risk factor. The purpose of the present study was to explore longitudinally a variety of markers as possible periodontal risk factors in subjects with little or no periodontal disease at baseline. 415 subjects with mild or little periodontal disease were examined: medical and dental history; socioeconomic profile, clinical measurements, microbial samples and radiographic assessment of bone height were performed at baseline, and at a follow-up examination 2 to 5 years later. Mean probing pocket depth (PPD) at baseline was 1.99±0.37 mm while mean overall change was 0.1 mm which amounts to an annual rate of 0.04 mm. Overall mean clinical attachment level (1.75±0.6 mm) at baseline resulted in mean attachment change of 0.28 mm (0.12 mm. annually). Alveolar crestal height (ACH) at baseline (mean 2.05±0.85 mm) resulting in a mean net loss of 0.1 mm. Approximately 10% of all sites presented for the second visit with attachment loss exceeding the threshold (4.4% annually), while only 2.2% of all sites exhibited attachment gain (0.88% annually). Older individuals exhibited greater mean bone loss but the least amount of attachment loss. Current smokers exhibited greater disease progression compared to non-smokers. Tooth morbidity (0.17 teeth/patient/year) was associated with greater baseline CAL and ACH loss, and an assortment of systemic conditions. Subjects who harbored Bacteroides forsythus (Bf) at baseline had greater loss in ACH; likewise, these subjects experienced greater proportions of losing sites and twice as much tooth mortality compared to Bf-negative patients. Baseline clinical parameters correlated strongly with the outcome, i.e., subjects with deeper mean pocket depth at baseline exhibited greater increase in pocket depth overtime; while subjects with greater attachment loss at baseline exhibited greater attachment loss between the 1st and 2nd visits.

Keywords: clinical attachment level; alveolar bone height; risk factors; smoking; systemic condition; tooth loss

Document Type: Research article

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-051X.1999.260607.x

Affiliations: 1: Periodontal Disease Research Center, Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, State University of New York at Buffalo, NY, USA; 2: Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania, USA

Publication date: 1999-06-01

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