@article {But:May 2007:0001-5172:601,
	author = "But,",
	author = "Erdil,",
	author = "Yucel,",
	author = "Gedik,",
	author = "Durmus,",
	author = "Ersoy,",
	title = "The effects of single-dose tramadol on post-operative pain and morphine requirements after coronary artery bypass surgery",
	journal = "Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica",
	volume = "51",
	year = "May 2007",
	abstract = "Aim:&#8194; <P></P>To investigate the effects of a single dose of tramadol administered prior to extubation on post-operative pain and morphine consumption after coronary artery bypass surgery. Methods:&#8194; <P></P>Patients were randomized post-operatively into two groups (group T, <I>n</I>&#61; 30; group P, <I>n</I>&#61; 30). The technique of anaesthesia was standardized for all patients. The patients in group T received intravenous tramadol, 1 mg/kg, and the patients in group P received 2 ml of saline 0.9%, both approximately 1 h before extubation. After extubation, all patients were allowed to use the morphine patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) device for 24 h post-operatively. Post-operative data were recorded in the cardiac intensive care unit at 30 min, 1 h, 2 h, 4 h, 12 h and 24 h after extubation by the same anaesthesiologist, who had no knowledge of the groups, and the side-effects were also evaluated. Results:&#8194; <P></P>In group P, the visual analogue scale (VAS) scores were found to be higher 30 min (<I>P</I> &#60; 0.01), 1 h (<I>P</I> &#60; 0.01), 2 h (<I>P</I> &#60; 0.01) and 4 h (<I>P</I> &#60; 0.05) after extubation. The patient comfort scores were higher in group T 30 min (<I>P</I> &#60; 0.01), 1 h (<I>P</I> &#60; 0.05), 2 h (<I>P</I> &#60; 0.01) and 4 h (<I>P</I> &#60; 0.01) after extubation. The total morphine consumption was higher in group P at all evaluation times (<I>P</I> &#60; 0.01), and the numbers of PCA demands and boluses were also higher in group P (<I>P</I> &#60; 0.01). Conclusions:&#8194; <P></P>The study demonstrated that a single dose of tramadol administered prior to extubation following coronary artery bypass surgery is associated with a decrease of up to 25% in morphine consumption, a decrease in the VAS scores and an improvement in patient comfort within the first 4 h post-operatively.",
	pages = "601-606(6)",
	url = "http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/mksg/aas/2007/00000051/00000005/art00014"
	doi = "doi:10.1111/j.1399-6576.2007.01275.x"
}