Authors: Larsson, Gerry; Sjöberg, Misa; Nilsson, Sofia; Alvinius, Aida; Bakken, Björn

Source: Leadership and Organization Development Journal, Volume 28, Number 8, 2007 , pp. 771-784(14)

Publisher: Emerald Group Publishing Limited

Abstract:

<B>Purpose</B> - The purpose of this paper is to explore the applicability of a previously developed model of indirect leadership (qualitative Grounded Theory case study) in a broader military context. <B>Design/methodology/approach</B> - The model was operationalised to specific questionnaires for high-level managers, middle-level managers, and lower-level employees. Data were obtained from 147 Norwegian and 134 Swedish military officers, representing all three levels, and serving in the Army and Air Force respectively. <B>Findings</B> - The theoretical model of indirect leadership was partly supported. Higher importance was attributed to image-oriented top-down influence, rather than to action-oriented influence via directly subordinate commanders, which may be understood using developmental, transformational, and authentic leadership formulations. Meaningful patterns of subgroup differences were obtained. <B>Research limitations/implications</B> - Indirect leadership is complex and bottom-up influences were not taken into account, not all aspects of the top-down influence process were covered, only military contexts were studied, and no meaningful analysis of possible gender-related differences was possible in this male-dominated context. <B>Practical implications</B> - The obtained support of the theoretical model legitimises its use as a tool in higher military management education and coaching. <B>Originality/value</B> - The measurement tools of indirect leadership and the quantitatively based support of a Grounded Theory model with a how-focus on indirect leadership.

Keywords: Armed forces; Behaviour; Leadership; Norway; Sweden

Document Type: Research article

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/01437730710835489

Publication date: 2007-11-06

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