Breast cancer, estrogen, soy genistein, and other dietary factors: Towards an understanding of their mechanistic interactions

Authors: Demmig-Adams, Barbara; McCauley, Lindsay

Source: Nutrition & Food Science, Volume 35, Number 1, 2005 , pp. 35-42(8)

Publisher: Emerald Group Publishing Limited

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Abstract:

Purpose - The purpose of this literature review is to examine underlying mechanisms through which soy may affect breast cancer risk. Design/methodology/approach - The approach taken is to summarize the emerging mechanisms of how isoflavones, such as genistein, interact with processes leading to breast cancer. Findings - The key finding of this analysis is that these mechanisms include a multitude of contrasting effects of genistein on estrogenic and non-estrogenic signaling pathways controlling cell growth. Furthermore, several of these mechanisms are also regulated by additional dietary factors, such as omega-3 fatty acids (found e.g. in fish) and various other phytochemicals (factors found generally in plant-based foods). The available mechanistic information supports (i) a potent effect of dietary factors on cell growth and (ii) a synergistic effect of different dietary components, such as soy, fish, and plant-based foods. Practical implications - In conclusion, the practical implication of this analysis is the conclusion that the mechanistic information available at this time does not support a recommendation for an isolated increase in soy to decrease breast cancer risk. Originality/value - This article should be of value for health care providers, nutritionists, and consumers.

Keywords: Risk Management; Diet; Cancer

Document Type: Research article

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00346650510579126

Publication date: 2005-01-01