Authors: Zhang, W.; Dunbar, L.; Tice, D.

Source: Energy Materials: Materials Science and Engineering for Energy Systems, Volume 3, Number 2, June 2008 , pp. 59-71(13)

Publisher: Maney Publishing

Abstract:

A hybrid monitoring technique for stress corrosion cracking (SCC) has been developed that employs simultaneously localised corrosion monitoring, electrochemical noise and acoustic emission (AE) techniques. The application of the hybrid technique for detection of SCC initiation and propagation in sensitised 304H stainless steel in dilute tetrathionate solutions at ambient temperature is reported. Initial result shows that SCC initiation and its early stage propagation can be detected by the localised corrosion monitoring and electrochemical noise methods. The dimensions of the crack can be estimated from the charge values derived from the detected transients. The locations of AE events determined using two sensors are in good agreement with the locations of cracks observed in the specimen. The AE technique is sensitive to rapid crack propagation, but does not appear to be sensitive to SCC initiation and early stage propagation for the present material environment load combination. It is postulated that AE is sensitive to SCC propagation involving a relatively large volume of plastic deformation. On the basis of test results and on information from the literature, it is suggested that in this material environment system SCC cracks initiate via slow anodic dissolution at the chromium depleted grain boundaries. Subsequently, elemental sulphur adsorbed on the surface around the crack tip catalyses the entry of hydrogen atoms produced by the hydrogen reduction reaction into the steel matrix ahead of the crack tip; this hydrogen accumulates gradually over a relatively long period of time and preferentially at carbide/matrix interfaces, eventually causing hydrogen induced brittle fracture along grain boundaries.

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Keywords: NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS; TRANSIENT ANALYSIS; ELECTROCHEMICAL NOISE; STAINLESS STEEL CORROSION; ACOUSTIC EMISSION; STRESS CORROSION CRACKING

Document Type: Research Article

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/174892408X394164

Publication date: 2008-06-01

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