The genetic diversity of Brazilian Trypanosoma cruzi isolates and the phylogenetic positioning of zymodeme 3, based on the internal transcribed spacer of the ribosomal gene

Authors: Santos S.S.¹; Cupolillo E.²; Junqueira A.¹; Coura J.R.³; Jansen A.⁴; Sturm N.R.⁵; Campbell D.A.⁵; Fernandes O.⁶

Source: Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, Volume 96, Number 8, December 2002 , pp. 755-764(10)

Publisher: Maney Publishing

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Abstract:

There is a high level of genetic diversity among the clinical isolates of the taxon Trypanosoma cruzi. The results of recent studies on well defined gene loci have revealed that T. cruzi can be divided into two major phylogenetic lineages, designated T. cruzi I and T. cruzi II. Further intra-lineage polymorphisms were explored, in clinical isolates from five representative regions of Brazil, using the internal transcribed spacers that flank the 5.8S ribosomal RNA gene. These regions were amplified in a PCR and the products were digested with six restriction enzymes before being subjected to RFLP analysis in polyacrylamide gels. The results were used to construct a complex evolutionary tree, in which the isolates were clustered into two major phylogenetic lineages with a low level of similarity. To investigate the evolutionary relationships between the isolates, the PCR products were cloned and sequenced. The results of the subsequent phylogenetic analysis confirmed the presence of the two major groups of T. cruzi and showed that zymodeme 3, a third iso-enzymatic sub-group, is closer to T. cruzi I than to T. cruzi II.

Document Type: Original article

DOI: 10.1179/000349802125002301

Affiliations: 1: Department of Tropical Medicine, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Avenida Brazil 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP: 21045-900, Brazil 2: Department of Immunology, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Avenida Brazil 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP: 21045-900, Brazil 3: Department of Tropical Medicine, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundacção Oswaldo Cruz, Avenida Brazil 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP: 21045-900, Brazil 4: Department of Protozoology, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Avenida Brazil 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP: 21045-900, Brazil 5: Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, UCLA School of Medicine, University of California, 10833 Le Conte Ave,, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1747, U.S.A. 6: Department of Pathology, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rua São Francisco Xavier 524, Maracanã, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP: 20550-900, Brazil