@article {Steinhart:December 2002:0039-7857:343, author = "Steinhart E.", title = "Why Numbers Are Sets", journal = "Synthese", volume = "133", year = "December 2002", abstract = "

I follow standard mathematical practice and theory to argue that the natural numbers are the finite von Neumann ordinals. I present the reasons standardly given for identifying the natural numbers with the finite von Neumann's (e.g., recursiveness; well-ordering principles; continuity at transfinite limits; minimality; and identification of n with the set of all numbers less than n). I give a detailed mathematical demonstration that 0 is { } and for every natural number n, n is the set of all natural numbers less than n. Natural numbers are sets. They are the finite von Neumann ordinals.

", pages = "343-361(19)", url = "http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/klu/synt/2002/00000133/00000003/00406266" }