IngentaConnect Independent Clinical Correlates of Severe Alcohol Withdrawal

Abstract:

This retrospective cohort study sought to identify clinical variables that independently correlate with severe alcohol withdrawal and to quantify risk in a clinically useful manner. The records of 284 inpatients admitted to an acute detoxification unit at a Veterans Affairs teaching hospital were reviewed. Clinical data were recorded on standardized forms at the time of admission and abstracted by a physician reviewer. Alcohol withdrawal severity was prospectively measured with the revised Clinical Institute Withdrawal Assessment for Alcohol (CIWA-Ar) scale. Seventy-one patients (25% of cohort) had severe withdrawal. We identified six independent correlates of severe withdrawal: use of a morning eye-opener (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 5.6; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.2–25.9), an initial CIWA-Ar score

q 10 (OR, 5.1; 95% CI, 2.4–10.6), a serum aspartate aminotransferase

80 U/L (OR, 4.2; 95% CI, 2.0–8.8), past benzodiazepine use (OR, 3.6; 95% CI, 1.3–9.9), self-reported history of “delirium tremens” (OR, 2.9; 95% CI, 1.3–6.2), and prior participation in two or more alcohol treatment programs (OR, 2.6; 95% CI, 1.3–5.6). Significantly higher risk was observed in subjects with three or more independent correlates. In conclusion, several readily available clinical variables correlate with the occurrence of severe alcohol withdrawal. Ascertainment of these variables early in the course of alcohol withdrawal has the potential to improve triage and treatment decisions.

Keywords: alcoholism; alcohol withdrawal delirium; prognosis; risk assessment; substance withdrawal syndrome

Document Type: Research article

Affiliations: 1: Center for Research on Health Care and the Division of General Internal Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania;, Email: kraemerkl@msx.upmc.edu 2: Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Ambulatory Care Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Manchester, New Hampshire 3: Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts

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