Geomagnetic Observations for Main Field Studies: From Ground to Space

Authors: Matzka, J.¹; Chulliat, A.²; Mandea, M.³; Finlay, C.⁴; Qamili, E.⁵

Source: Space Science Reviews, Volume 155, Numbers 1-4, August 2010 , pp. 29-64(36)

Publisher: Springer

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Abstract:

Direct measurements of the geomagnetic field have been made for more than 400 years, beginning with individual determinations of the angle between geographic and magnetic North. This was followed by the start of continuous time series of full vector measurements at geomagnetic observatories and the beginning of geomagnetic repeat stations surveys in the 19th century. In the second half of the 20th century, true global coverage with geomagnetic field measurements was accomplished by magnetometer payloads on low-Earth-orbiting satellites. This article describes the procedures and instruments for magnetic field measurements on ground and in space and covers geomagnetic observatories, repeat stations, automatic observatories, satellites and historic observations. Special emphasis is laid on the global network of geomagnetic observatories.

Keywords: Geomagnetic field; Observations; Geomagnetic observatories; Magnetic satellite missions

Document Type: Research article

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11214-010-9693-4

Affiliations: 1: DTU Space, Technical University of Denmark, Juliane Maries vej 30, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark, Email: jrgm@space.dtu.dk 2: Equipe de Géomagnétisme, Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, Université Paris-Diderot, INSU/CNRS, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005, Paris, France 3: Helmholtz-Zentrum Potsdam Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum, Telegrafenberg, 14473, Potsdam, Germany 4: Institut für Geophysik, ETH Zürich, Sonneggstr. 5, 8092, Zürich, Switzerland 5: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione di Roma 2, Via di Vigna Murata 605, 00143, Roma, Italy

Publication date: 2010-08-01