Foraging, Farming, and Social Complexity in the Pre-Pottery Neolithic of the Southern Levant: A Review and Synthesis

Authors: Kuijt I.¹; Goring-Morris N.²

Source: Journal of World Prehistory, Volume 16, Number 4, December 2002 , pp. 361-440(80)

Publisher: Springer

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Abstract:

The transition from foraging to farming of the Neolithic periods is one of, if not, the most important cultural processes in recent human prehistory. Integrating previously published archaeological materials with archaeological research conducted since 1980, the first half of this essay synthesizes our current understanding of archaeological data for the Pre-Pottery Neolithic period (ca. 11,700–ca. 8400 B.P.) of the southern Levant, generally defined as including southern Syria and Lebanon, Israel, the Palestinian Autonomous Authority, Jordan, and the Sinai peninsula of Egypt. The second half of the essay explores how these data inform archaeologists about the processes by which social differentiation emerged, the nature of regional and interregional connections, and the mechanisms and processes by which the transition from foraging to food production first occurred in the Neolithic.

Keywords: southern Levant; Neolithic; early agriculture; social organization

Language: English

Document Type: Research article

Affiliations: 1: Department of Anthropology, The University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana; ian.kuijt.1@nd.edu 2: Department of Prehistory, Institute of Archaeology, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel

Publication date: 2002-12-01