Modeling Rater Disagreement for ADHD: Are Parents or Teachers Biased?

Authors: Hartman, Christie¹; Rhee, Soo; Willcutt, Erik; Pennington, Bruce

Source: Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, Volume 35, Number 4, August 2007 , pp. 536-542(7)

Publisher: Springer

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Abstract:

The present study is the first to utilize twin modeling to examine whether parent-teacher disagreement for ADHD ratings is due to parent or teacher bias, or due to raters observing different but valid ADHD behaviors. A joint analysis was conducted with 106 twin pairs, including twins selected for ADHD and control twin pairs. Total ADHD scores were analyzed using multiple rater models that estimate genetic and environmental contributions common to both raters and unique to each rater. Results suggest that 1) disagreement in ADHD ratings is strongly due to parents and teachers observing different ADHD behaviors, some of which is valid and some of which is due to bias, and 2) parents may be more biased than teachers in their ADHD ratings.

Keywords: ADHD; Rater bias; Twin modeling; Rater disagreement

Document Type: Research article

DOI: 10.1007/s10802-007-9110-y

Affiliations: 1: Email: christie.hartman@colorado.edu

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