@article {Zaidi:2011:1027-3719:972,
title = "Second-hand smoke in indoor hospitality venues in Pakistan",
journal = "The International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease",
parent_itemid = "infobike://iuatld/ijtld",
publishercode ="iuatld",
year = "2011",
volume = "15",
number = "7",
publication date ="2011-07-01T00:00:00",
pages = "972-977",
itemtype = "ARTICLE",
issn = "1027-3719",
eissn = "1815-7920",
url = "https://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/iuatld/ijtld/2011/00000015/00000007/art00020",
doi = "doi:10.5588/ijtld.10.0524",
keyword = "Pakistan, shisha, second-hand smoke",
author = "Zaidi, S. M. A. and Moin, O. and Khan, J. A.",
abstract = "BACKGROUND: Second-hand smoke (SHS) constitutes a significant public health threat in countries with a high smoking prevalence. However, data assessing the quality of indoor air at public venues in Pakistan are limited.OBJECTIVES: To measure mean concentrations of PM2.5
(particulate matter 2.5 microns in diameter), a sensitive indicator of SHS, in hospitality venues in Pakistan.SETTING AND DESIGN: Data were collected discreetly from 39 indoor venues such as cafes, restaurants and shisha (water-pipe) bars from three major cities in Pakistan.
Data were recorded using a portable air quality monitoring device.RESULTS: The overall mean PM2.5 value for the visited venues was 846 g/m3 (95%CI 4841205). The mean PM2.5 value was 101 g/m3 (95%CI 69135 g/m3)
for non-smoking venues, 689 g/m3 (95%CI 2411138) for cigarette smoking venues and 1745 g/m3 (95%CI 9252565) for shisha smoking venues.CONCLUSION: The significant levels of SHS recorded in this study, in particular from shisha smoking venues,
could represent a major public health burden in Pakistan. Appropriate legislation needs to be enforced to protect the health of those exposed to the hazards of second-hand tobacco smoke.",
}