Authors: Bachtiar, A.¹; Miko, T.Y.¹; Machmud, R.²; Besral, B.¹; Yudarini, P.¹; Mehta, F.³; Chadha, V.K.⁴; Basri, C.⁵; Loprang, F.³; Jitendra, R.⁴

Source: The International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, Volume 13, Number 1, January 2009 , pp. 32-38(7)

Publisher: International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease

Abstract:

SETTING: East Nusa Tenggara (NTT) and Central Java Provinces, Indonesia.

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the average annual risk of tuberculous infection (ARTI) among school children aged 6-9 years in each province.

METHODS: Children attending Classes 1-4 in 65 schools in NTT and 79 in Central Java, selected by two-stage sampling, were intradermally administered 2 tuberculin units of purified protein derivative RT23 with Tween 80 on the mid-volar aspect of the left forearm. The maximum transverse diameter of induration was measured 72 h later. The analysis was carried out among 5479 satisfactorily test-read children in NTT and 6943 in Central Java. One hundred and fifty-five new sputum smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) cases (78 in NTT and 77 in Central Java) were also tuberculin tested. Based on the frequency distribution of reaction sizes among the children and PTB cases, the prevalence of infection was estimated by the mirror-image method using the modes of tuberculous reactions at 15 and 17 mm.

RESULTS: Using the 15 mm mode, ARTI was estimated at 1% in NTT and 0.9% in Central Java. Using the 17 mm mode, ARTI was estimated at 0.5% in NTT and 0.4% in Central Java.

CONCLUSION: Transmission of tuberculous infection may be further reduced by intensification of tuberculosis control efforts.

Keywords: tuberculosis; infection; tuberculin survey; annual risk; Indonesia

Document Type: Regular paper

Affiliations: 1: Centre for Health Research, University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia 2: Centre for Health Research, University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia; and Department of Public Health, University of Andalas, Padang, Indonesia 3: Tuberculosis Unit, World Health Organization,Jakarta, Indonesia 4: National Tuberculosis Institute, Bangalore, India 5: National Tuberculosis Programme, Ministry of Health, Jakarta, Indonesia

Publication date: 2009-01-01

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• The International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease publishes articles on all aspects of lung health, including public health-related issues such as training programmes, cost-benefit analysis, legislation, epidemiology, intervention studies and health systems research. The IJTLD is dedicated to the continuing education of physicians and health personnel and the dissemination of information on tuberculosis and lung health world-wide.

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