Tuberculosis transmission patterns in a high-incidence area: a spatial analysis

Authors: Munch Z.¹; Van Lill S. W. P.¹; Booysen C. N.¹; Zietsman H. L.²; Enarson D. A.³; Beyers N.¹

Source: The International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, Volume 7, Number 3, March 2003 , pp. 271-277(7)

Publisher: International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease

Abstract:

SETTING: In the Cape Town suburbs of Ravensmead and Uitsig, tuberculosis has reached epidemic levels, with notifications of 1340/100000 in 1996. These suburbs are characterised by overcrowding, high unemployment and poverty. It is traditionally believed that tuberculosis transmission takes place mainly in households after close contact with an infectious person. Studies have recently linked tuberculosis transmission to locations outside the household, and have associated these places with a particular high-risk lifestyle. Anthropological studies in some suburbs of Cape Town, in which a very high number of local drinking places (shebeens) were identified (17 per km²), have suggested that social drinking is part of such a lifestyle.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate various risk factors and places of transmission of tuberculosis using a geographical information system (GIS).

RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The 1128 bacteriologically-proven cases of tuberculosis studied over the period 1993–1998 were investigated using spatial epidemiological techniques of exploratory disease mapping. Point pattern analysis and spatial statistics indicated clustering of cases in the areas of high incidence. Significant associations of tuberculosis notifications were found with unemployment, overcrowding and number of shebeens per enumerator sub-district. High tuberculosis notifications with unemployment and its associated poverty emerged as the strongest association.

Keywords: spatial analysis; high incidence; alcohol; shebeens; tuberculosis

Language: English

Document Type: Regular paper

Affiliations: 1: Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Stellenbosch, Tygerberg, Western Cape, South Africa 2: Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, University of Stellenbosch, Tygerberg, Western Cape, South Africa 3: International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, Paris, France

Publication date: 2003-03-01

• The International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease publishes articles on all aspects of lung health, including public health-related issues such as training programmes, cost-benefit analysis, legislation, epidemiology, intervention studies and health systems research. The IJTLD is dedicated to the continuing education of physicians and health personnel and the dissemination of information on tuberculosis and lung health world-wide.

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