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- Volume 4, Issue 1, 2005
Portuguese Journal of Social Science - Volume 4, Issue 1, 2005
Volume 4, Issue 1, 2005
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The origins of the welfare state in Portugal: the new frontiers between public and private*
More LessThe period chosen for our study - the first two decades of the twentieth century - is especially relevant for the history of the welfare state in Portugal. It is a period in which we can analyse, at a crucial moment in its history, the change which was then taking place in terms of attitude of the state and of society towards the welfare state. Before 1910 state social policy had a very limited scope. Even accidents at work were still regulated in accordance with the Civil Code. From 1919 onwards a fully-fledged system of social security began to be set up. Portuguese social legislation, which up to then had not accompanied the progress made in this area by other European countries, came to the forefront of the movement in a relatively short time, by the side of Germany, the Scandinavian countries, the United Kingdom and Spain, and ahead of France. This progress was not easy and had to face resistance from several quarters.
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Metaxas: a dictator of compromise
More LessThis article examines the development of Ioannis Metaxas’s politics from his first appointment as an army officer in a provincial garrison to the establishment of his authoritarian regime in Athens. The source material that enables us to follow the development of his ideology consists of his Personal Diary and his regime’s draft constitution, all of which were published posthumously. Whilst in exile on Corsica in 1917, Metaxas began writing his thoughts on the political and military events of the time, although he avoided publishing anything that even remotely referred to the regime he would have liked to create. This reluctance by Metaxas to proclaim his authoritarian ideas must be attributed to his gradual realization that the regime lacked a solid power base upon which support for these ideas could be grounded. During a self-imposed exile in Italy, Metaxas unsuccessfully attempted to meet Mussolini. It must have been painful for him to watch Mussolini’s rise while he himself longed to return to Greece. Upon his eventual return to Greece, he immersed himself fully in day-to-day politics. The abortive Venizelist coup of 1935 was the catalyst for a series of political developments that saw Metaxas rise to power one year later. The resort to dictatorship was caused by the inability of the bourgeoisie to provide solutions to existing political problems. Metaxas’s regime had a certain ideological affinity with both Fascist Italy and Nazi Germany, and attempted to imitate aspects of their methods whilst establishing a police state and cultivating a personality cult that was centred on Metaxas.
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In search of a new society: an intellectual between modernism and Salazar
More LessThis article examines the ideological journey taken by the Portuguese intellectual and writer, António Ferro, during his early years. It follows Ferro from his participation in the modernist movement to his adhesion to Salazar’s Estado Novo (New State) as its director of propaganda. Like so many modernists of his time, Ferro was vocal in his admiration for the dynamism and vitality that epitomized fascism, and called for the creation of a new society that could recreate Portugal. The author analyses the process of Ferro’s inner intellectual evolution, which led to both the taming of his modernism and his adoption of a more conventional, traditionalist approach to politics and life. However, the author argues that Ferro’s modernist upbringing was never fully buried, and that his desire for a more radical and ‘total’ project for Portugal was still possible, at least until his appointment as head of propaganda in 1933.
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Volumes & issues
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Volume 20 (2021)
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Volume 19 (2020)
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Volume 18 (2019)
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Volume 17 (2018)
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Volume 16 (2017)
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Volume 15 (2016)
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Volume 14 (2015)
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Volume 13 (2014)
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Volume 12 (2012 - 2013)
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Volume 11 (2012)
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Volume 10 (2011)
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Volume 9 (2010)
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Volume 8 (2009)
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Volume 7 (2008)
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Volume 6 (2007 - 2008)
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Volume 5 (2006 - 2007)
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Volume 4 (2005)
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Volume 3 (2004)
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Volume 2 (2003 - 2004)
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Volume 1 (2002 - 2003)