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- Volume 6, Issue 2, 2010
International Journal of Media & Cultural Politics - Volume 6, Issue 2, 2010
Volume 6, Issue 2, 2010
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The introduction of an ex ante evaluation for new media services: Is Europe asking for it, or does public service broadcasting need it?
Authors: Karen Donders and Caroline PauwelsIn a digital age, national legislators face difficulties in adapting the regulatory framework within which public broadcasters deliver services to the wider audience. Often, rules are still orientated towards the traditional delivery of radio and television programmes. The importance of new media and innovation is mentioned, but not thoroughly dealt with. Policy-makers stick to the superficial adaptation of legislation and fail to fundamentally reconsider the case for public service broadcasting. This has created a legal vacuum, which is increasingly tackled by the European Commission. The latter urges Member States to set standards for the expansion of public broadcasters into new media markets and has, in light thereof, proposed to introduce an ex ante test for the evaluation of the public value and market impact of new media services of public broadcasters. The question that is at the core of this article is not necessarily whether an ex ante test restores competition, which is the intention of the Commission's state aid policy, but whether a test can add to the rethinking of broadcasting policies in a manner re-orientated to public service media. The implementation of an ex ante test in Germany and Flanders is analysed. The analysis reveals that both the legislative and practical implementation of an ex ante test is a difficult exercise. Nevertheless, research results indicate that an ex ante test can be a useful instrument to evaluate in a flexible and adaptive way whether certain services fit within the public service remit.
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When PSB is delivered by the hand of God: The case of Roman Catholic broadcast networks in Venezuela
Authors: Jairo Lugo-Ocando, Andrs Caizalez and Christine LohmeierThis article explores the nature and extent of the delivery of public service broadcasting (PSB) by alternative models and actors in Latin America. The main hypothesis is that PSB is delivered in Venezuela not by the state but by the Roman Catholic Church. In looking at the case of the Instituto Radiofnico Fe y Alegra (IRFA) we argue that, contrary to what might be expected, this media outlet provides what by all standards can be described as PSB. The article is based on research sponsored by the Carnegie Trust for the Universities of Scotland and which included content analysis, semi-structured interviews and participatory observation for over three months in 2008. The article makes comparative reference to public service broadcasters in the United States and in Europe and aims to challenge traditional sources of knowledge regarding PSB.
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Discourses of the War on Terror: Constructions of the Islamic other after 7/7
Authors: Mark Featherstone, Siobhan Holohan and Elizabeth PooleIt is widely agreed that the events which took place on 11 September 2001 have played a large part in reshaping global imaginings about contemporary acts of terrorism and their Islamic perpetrators. Given this transformation in the understanding of terrorism and terrorists, our objective in this article is threefold. First we want to present a discussion of the roots of the kind of neo-liberal politics that has grown up alongside acts of terrorism and its global media coverage which has, we argue, resulted in a politics of fear that acts to legitimate ever-increasing legislative controls. In an attempt to reveal how discourse works to support such regulation, in the second part of this article we offer a qualitative analysis of newspaper articles from the UK about acts of terrorism that have taken place since the suicide bombings on the London transport system on 7 July 2005. Together with an analysis of the political speeches of Bush and Blair, we examine how far these discourses can be said to have reframed notions of inclusion/exclusion for Muslim populations. Finally we present a discussion of the consequences of such terrorist acts and their varied representations for the future of the British multicultural imaginary.
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Neo-conned: The Murdoch press and the Iraq War
More LessThis article explores the relationship between ideology and media representations. It seeks to (1) re-contextualize the 2003 invasion of Iraq by exposing the ideological impetus for the conflict; (2) highlight the role played by the Chief Executive Officer of News Corporation, Rupert Murdoch, in helping neoconservative mandarins gain influence over the political public sphere of the United States; and (3) determine whether the Iraq/weapons of mass destruction story, as reported in the Australian Murdoch press, was influenced by the ideological proclivities of the CEO of News Corporation. Drawing on an empirical case study, this article contends that Murdoch's influential broadsheet newspaper, The Australian, contained a pro-war/pro-neoconservative ideological bias during the sampled period.
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Framing international conflicts:Media coverage of fighting in the Middle East
By Matt EvansMedia framing of foreign conflicts determines the way in which the public and policy-makers perceive the causes, consequences and importance of those conflicts and where diplomatic and material resources are committed. Framing is manifested in, among other things, the amount of media coverage of a particular conflict and the language used to describe the actors and events in that conflict. The type of framing employed determines whether the public will empathize with one of the sides involved or feel detached from events taking place far from them. This article builds on earlier research on media framing through a study of two foreign conflicts that had a number of key similarities but were framed very differently. Framing is analysed through a comparison of New York Times coverage of army sieges of two Palestinian refugee camps: the first in the town of Jenin in theWest Bank in 2002 and the second in Nahr al-Bared in Lebanon in 2007. The research examines the depth of coverage and the language used to portray the context of events, the two armies, combatants within the camps, civilian casualties, damage to property and the effectiveness of the military operations. Analysis of differences in the reporting of these two conflicts expands on existing literature on media framing, discusses causes of inconsistent framing and elucidates the effect of framing on perceptions of reality in foreign conflict and the subsequent effect on policy-making.
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Reviews
Authors: Bruce Hanlin, Nadia Kaneva, Cinzia Padovani, Peter Cole and Patrick O MalaoluTransnational Television in Europe: Reconfiguring Global Communications Networks, Jean K. Chalaby (2009) London & New York: I.B. Tauris, 278 pp., ISBN: 9781845119546, 89.95 (hbk) 32.50 (pbk)
Identity Games: Globalization and the Transformation of Media Cultures in the New Europe, Anik Imre (2009) Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press, 257 pp., ISBN: 9780262090452, 35.00 (hbk)
The Political Economy of Communication, 2nd Edition, Vincent Mosco (2009) London: Sage, 268 pp., ISBN: 9781412947015, 132.95 (hbk) 43.95 (pbk)
Cry Korea The Korean War: A Reporter's Notebook, Reginald Thompson (2009) London: Reportage Press, 344 pp., 8.99, ISBN: 9780955830204
Media Theories & Approaches: A Global Perspective, Mark Balnaves, Stephanie Hemelryk Donald and Brian Shoesmith (2009) London: Palgrave Macmillan, 360 pp., ISBN: 9780230551626 (pbk), 19.99; ISBN: 9780230551619 (hbk), 55.00
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Volumes & issues
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Volume 19 (2023)
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Volume 18 (2022)
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Volume 17 (2021)
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Volume 16 (2020)
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Volume 15 (2019)
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Volume 14 (2018)
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Volume 13 (2017)
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Volume 12 (2016)
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Volume 11 (2015)
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Volume 10 (2014)
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Volume 9 (2013)
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Volume 8 (2012)
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Volume 7 (2011)
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Volume 6 (2010 - 2011)
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Volume 5 (2009)
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Volume 4 (2008)
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Volume 3 (2007)
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Volume 2 (2006 - 2007)
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Volume 1 (2005)