Authors: Dell''Agnola, Chiara; Biragyn, Arya

Source: Expert Review of Vaccines, Volume 6, Number 2, April 2007 , pp. 267-283(17)

Publisher: Expert Reviews

Abstract:

Chemokines are a small group of related chemo-attractant peptides that play an essential role in the homeostatic maintenance of the immune system. They control the recruitment of cells needed for the induction and activation of innate and adaptive immune responses. However, tumors also utilize chemokines to actively progress and evade immunosurveillance. In fact, chemokines are involved directly or indirectly in almost every aspect of tumorigenesis. They mediate survival and metastatic spread of tumors, promote new blood vessel formation (neovascularization) and induce an immunosuppressive microenvironment via recruitment of immunosuppressive cells. As a result, a number of therapeutic strategies have been proposed to target almost every step of the chemokine/chemokine receptor involvement in tumors. Yet, despite occasional success stories, most of them appear to be ineffective or impractical, presumably due to ``nonspecific'' harm of cells needed for the elimination of tumor escapees and maintenance of immunological memory. The strategy would only be effective if it also promoted antitumor adaptive immune responses capable of combating a residual disease and tumor relapse.

Keywords: angiogenesis; cancer; chemotaxis; metastases; tumor escape

Document Type: Research article

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1586/14760584.6.2.267

Publication date: 2007-04-01

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• Expert Review of Vaccines provides expert reviews on the clinical effectiveness of new vaccines. Coverage includes vaccine technology, vaccine adjuvants, prophylactic vaccines, therapeutic vaccines, AIDS vaccines and vaccines in bioterrorism.
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