Recent insights into CD4⁺ T-cell specificity and function in Type 1 diabetes

Authors: Mannering, Stuart I; Brodnicki, Thomas C

Source: Expert Review of Clinical Immunology, Volume 3, Number 4, July 2007 , pp. 557-564(8)

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Abstract:

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is caused by T-cell-mediated destruction of the insulin-producing β-cells in the pancreas. Genetic and immunological evidence from humans and mouse models indicates that CD4⁺ T cells play a crucial role in the development and prevention of T1D. The dichotomy between CD4⁺ T regulatory and effector T cells has encouraged research into the role of these cell subsets in T1D. New antigens and epitopes recognized by CD4⁺ T cells in affected individuals have been identified. Growing knowledge of T-cell specificity and function is helping to develop new assays for analyzing islet antigen-specific CD4⁺ T cells from human blood. Here we discuss, with particular reference to human studies, advances in our understanding of CD4⁺ T-cell responses in T1D.

Keywords: antigen; CD4+ T cell; epitope; NOD; regulatory T cell; Type 1 diabetes

Document Type: Research article

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1586/1744666X.3.4.557

Publication date: 2007-07-01

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Expert Review of Clinical Immunology provides expert analysis and commentary regarding the performance of new therapeutic and diagnostic modalities in disease states with a strong immunologic component, such as allergic asthma, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, psoriasis and multiple sclerosis
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