Macronutrients and obesity: views, news and reviews

Authors: Madsen, Lise; Liaset, Bjøørn; Kristiansen, Karsten

Source: Future Lipidology, Volume 3, Number 1, February 2008 , pp. 43-74(32)

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Abstract:

Profound changes in macronutrient composition of food have taken place since the agricultural revolution, leading to a higher dietary intake of carbohydrates at the expense of protein, and a dramatically increased intake of n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) at the expense of n-3 PUFAs. This review focuses on how macronutrients impact on molecular processes central to appetite regulation and energy homeostasis. We discuss the effects on transcription factors, implicated as key players in adipocyte differentiation and function, including PPARs, sterol regulatory element binding proteins and liver X receptors. Furthermore, as energy homeostasis is to a large extent orchestrated by the gut--brain axis, we discuss key hormones involved in the regulation of energy balance and appetite.

Keywords: adipocyte differentiation; carbohydrate; diet; fat; gut hormones; macronutrients; obesity; polyunsaturated fatty acids; protein

Document Type: Research article

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.2217/17460875.3.1.43

Publication date: 2008-02-01

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Future Lipidology addresses therapeutic strategies and emerging topics in this complex area of cardiovascular medicine. The journal delivers essential information in concise, at-a-glance article formats. Key advances in the field are reported and analyzed by international experts, providing an authoritative but accessible forum.
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