Tissue engineering a functional aortic heart valve: an appraisal

Authors: Morsi, Yos S; Birchall, Ian

Source: Future Cardiology, Volume 1, Number 3, May 2005 , pp. 405-411(7)

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Abstract:

Valvular heart disease is an important cause of morbidity and mortality, and currently available substitutes for failing hearts have serious limitations. A new promising alternative that may overcome these shortcomings is provided by the relatively new field of tissue engineering (TE). TE techniques involve the growth of autologous cells on a 3D matrix that can be a biodegradable polymer scaffold, or an acellular tissue matrix. These approaches provide the potential to create living matrix valve structures with an ability to grow, repair and remodel within the recipient. This article provides an appraisal of artificial heart valves and an overview of developments in TE that includes the current limitations and challenges for creating a fully functional valve. Biomaterials and stem cell technologies are now providing the potential for new avenues of research and if combined with advances in the rapid prototyping of biomaterials, the engineering of personalized, fully functional, and autologous tissue valve replacements, may become a clinical alternative.

Keywords: decellularization; endothelial cell; fused deposition modeling; heart valve; interstitial cell; prosthesis; rapid prototyping; tissue engineering

Document Type: Research article

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1517/14796678.1.3.405

Publication date: 2005-05-01

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Future Cardiology reflects the new era of cardiology and highlights new molecular approaches in advancing cardiovascular therapy. The journal publishes clinical research, commentary and therapeutic overviews highlighting optimal therapy and future options and strategies.
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