Human Multipotent Mesenchymal Stromal Cells From Fetal Lung Expressing Pluripotent Markers and Differentiating Into Cell Types of Three Germ Layers

Multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are a promising cell type for cell transplantation; however, their utilization remains limited until the availability of adequate alternative sources of MSCs and the thorough understanding of the biology of MSCs isolated from various sources are realized. Fetal lung has been identified as a rich source of MSCs. To explore the therapeutic potential of passaged fetal lung MSCs (FLMSCs), the present study evaluated their growth kinetics, telomere length, karyotype, immunophenotype, and the differentiation potential during in vitro expansion. FLMSCs could be easily amplified in vitro with no significant shorting of telomere length and had a normal karyotype. No significant differences between passage 5 or passage 25 were observed in the immunophenotype analysis using flow cytometry. Moreover, flow cytometry results provided the first demonstration, to our knowledge, that FLMSCs stably expressed pluripotent markers including Oct4, Nanog, Sox2, TRA-1-60, c-Myc, and SSEA-4 through 25 passages. In vitro differentiation studies as identified by confocal microscopy, flow cytometry, RT-PCR, and immunohistochemistry showed that FLMSCs had extended capacity of differentiating into mesodermal, ectodermal, and endodermal lineages, and that their potential for adipogenic, osteogenic, and chondrogenic differentiation may be maintained over 25 passages. Furthermore, osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation was used as an indicator of their differentiation capability in vivo, as evidenced by ectopic bone and cartilage formation. In summary, these results suggest that FLMSCs are a primitive population and that their extensive in vitro expansion does not involve significant functional modification of the cells, including morphology, growth, karyotype, immunophenotype, and mesodermal differentiation potential. Hence, FLMSCs might constitute an attractive cell resource for cell transplantation to induce regeneration of damaged tissues/organs.