Authors: KANBAYASHI, TAKASHI¹; INOUE, YUICHI²; CHIBA, SHIGERU³; AIZAWA, RIKA¹; SAITO, YASUSHI¹; TSUKAMOTO, HARUKO⁴; FUJII, YUKIHARU⁵; NISHINO, SEIJI⁶; SHIMIZU, TETSUO¹

Source: Journal of Sleep Research, Volume 11, Number 1, March 2002 , pp. 91-93(3)

Publisher: Wiley-Blackwell

Abstract:

We measured cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) hypocretin-1 levels in 11 patients with narcolepsy-cataplexy, five with narcolepsy without cataplexy and 12 with idiopathic hypersomnia (IHS). All patients were Japanese. As reported in Caucasian patients, undetectable or very low hypocretin-1 levels were observed in most (9 out of 11) Japanese narcolepsy-cataplexy patients. Our hypocretin-deficient narcoleptics included three prepubertal cases within few months after the disease onset. All nine hypocretin-deficient patients were human leuckocyte antigen (HLA) DR2 positive, while two who had normal CSF hypocretin-1 levels were HLA DR2 negative. In contrast, none of the narcolepsy without cataplexy and IHS subjects had undetectable low levels. Low CSF hypocretin-1 is therefore very specific for HLA DR2 positive narcolepsy-cataplexy, and the deficiency is likely to be established at the early stage of the disease.

Keywords: rapid eye movement sleep; REM sleep propensity; short-term REM sleep homeostasis; sleep cycle; sleep deprivation; ultradian rhythms

Document Type: Original article

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2869.2002.00284.x

Affiliations: 1: Department of Neuropsychiatry, Akita University School of Medicine, Akita, Japan, 2: Department of Neuropsychiatry, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan, 3: Department of Neuropsychiatry, Asahikawa Medical College, Asahikawa, Japan, 4: Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya City University Medical School, Nagoya, Japan, 5: Department of Pediatric Neurology, National Center Hospital for Mental, Nervous and Muscular Disorders, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan, 6: Center for Narcolepsy, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA, USA

Publication date: 2002-03-01

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