Detrimental effects of high levels of antioxidant vitamins C and E on placental function: Considerations for the Vitamins in Preeclampsia (VIP) trial

Authors: Aris, Aziz; Leblanc, Samuel; Ouellet, Annie; Moutquin, Jean-Marie

Source: The Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research, Volume 34, Number 4, August 2008 , pp. 504-511(8)

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Abstract:

Aim:

Supplementation with antioxidant vitamins has been proposed to reduce the risk of preeclampsia and perinatal complications. In a recent study, it has been shown that this supplementation to above physiological doses does not reduce the risk of preeclampsia, but increases the rate of low birthweight babies, suggesting a detrimental effect on placental function, given the lower birthweight. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of high levels of antioxidants vitamins C and E on placental cells in vitro. Methods:

Isolated fresh human cytotrophoblasts were exposed to high concentrations of vitamins C and E for 48 h. Then the secretion of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and the production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) were assessed. Results:

High levels of vitamins C and E, separately or combined, decrease the secretion of hCG by cytotrophoblasts and increase their production of TNF-α. Conclusion:

Exposure of cytotrophoblasts to high levels of antioxidant vitamins C and E may affect placental function, as reflected by decreased secretion of hCG; and placental immunity, as reflected by increased production of TNF-α. Such alterations are known to lead to endothelial dysfunction and adverse pregnancy outcomes, such as fetal growth restriction (FGR).

Keywords: antioxidant vitamins C and E in pregnancy; birthweight; fetal growth restriction; hCG; placenta; preeclampsia; TNF-α

Document Type: Research article

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1447-0756.2008.00722.x

Publication date: 2008-08-01