Authors: WIENS, M.¹; ETMINAN, M.²; GILL, S. S.³; TAKKOUCHE, B.⁴

Source: Journal of Internal Medicine, Volume 260, Number 4, October 2006 , pp. 350-362(13)

Publisher: Wiley-Blackwell

Abstract:

.  Wiens M, Etminan M, Gill SS, Takkouche B (University of British Columbia and Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC; Queen's University, St Mary's of the Lake Hospital, Kingston, ON, Canada; and University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain). Effects of antihypertensive drug treatments on fracture outcomes: a meta-analysis of observational studies. J Intern Med 2006; 260: 350-362. Objective. 

To quantitatively pool findings from observational studies on the risk of fracture outcomes associated with exposure to five antihypertensive drug classes: angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, diuretics (in particular thiazide diuretics), β-blockers, calcium-channel blockers and alpha-blockers. Design. 

Systematic review and meta-analysis. Data sources. 

Publications listed in the MEDLINE, EMBASE and LILACS databases, the ISI proceedings, and bibliographies of retrieved articles. Sources were searched from the earliest possible dates through December 2005. Review methods. 

We included case-control and cohort studies presenting relative risks and confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between exposure to antihypertensive agents and fracture outcomes. Data were extracted onto a standardized computer worksheet. Study quality was assessed using a 10-point questionnaire specific to case-control or cohort study design. Results. 

Fifty-four studies were identified. Pooled estimates were computed using the software HEpiMA. The pooled relative risk (RR) of any fracture with use of thiazide diuretics was 0.86 (95% CI 0.81-0.92) and 1.14 (95% CI 0.84-1.54) with use of nonthiazide diuretics. There was a statistically significant reduction of any fracture with use of β-blockers, (RR 0.86, 95% CI 0.70-0.98). The one study with ACE inhibitor data showed protection (RR 0.81, 95% CI 0.73-0.89). No significant associations were found between fractures and exposure to α-blockers or calcium-channel blockers. Conclusions. 

Thiazide diuretics and β-blockers appear to lower the risk of fractures in older adults. However, these agents cannot be recommended as preventive therapies for fractures until data from randomized controlled trials have established their efficacy. Patients who use these inexpensive drugs as treatments for hypertension may also benefit from a reduction in fracture risk.

Keywords: antihypertensive; β-blocker; blocker; diuretic; fracture; meta-analysis; thiazide

Document Type: Research article

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2796.2006.01695.x

Affiliations: 1: Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC 2: Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Evaluation, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC 3: Departments of Medicine and Community Health and Epidemiology, Queen's University, St Mary's of the Lake Hospital, Kingston, ON, Canada 4: Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain

Publication date: 2006-10-01

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