Nutritional management of rheumatoid arthritis: a review of the evidence
Authors: Rennie, K. L.1; Hughes, J.2; Lang, R.1; Jebb, S. A.1
Source: Journal of Human Nutrition & Dietetics, Volume 16, Number 2, April 2003 , pp. 97-109(13)
Publisher: Blackwell Publishing
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Abstract:
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a debilitating disease and is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease and osteoporosis. Poor nutrient status in RA patients has been reported and some drug therapies, such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), prescribed to alleviate RA symptoms, may increase the requirement for some nutrients and reduce their absorption.This paper reviews the scientific evidence for the role of diet and nutrient supplementation in the management of RA, by alleviating symptoms, decreasing progression of the disease or by reducing the reliance on, or combating the side-effects of, NSAIDs. Supplementation with long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) consistently demonstrates an improvement in symptoms and a reduction in NSAID usage. Evidence relating to other fatty acids, antioxidants, zinc, iron, folate, other B vitamins, calcium, vitamin D and fluoride are also considered. The present evidence suggests that RA patients should consume a balanced diet rich in long-chain n-3 PUFA and antioxidants. More randomized long-term studies are needed to provide evidence for the benefits of specific nutritional supplementation and to determine optimum intake, particularly for n-3 PUFA and antioxidants.Keywords: diet; disease management; inflammation; rheumatoid arthritis
Document Type: Research article
DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-277X.2003.00423.x
Affiliations: 1: MRC Human Nutrition Research, Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, Fulbourn Road, Cambridge, UK; 2: Independent Nutrition Consultant, 7 Holmesdale Park, Nutfield, Surrey, UK
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