Authors: Gong, J.P.¹; Gwee, M.C.E.²; Gopalakrishnakone, P.¹; Manjunatha Kini, R.³; Chung, M.C.M.⁴

Source: Journal of Autonomic Pharmacology, Volume 17, Number 2, April 1997 , pp. 129-135(7)

Publisher: Wiley-Blackwell

Abstract:

1 Makatoxin I (MkTx I) is a new toxin purified from the venom of the scorpion Buthus martensi Karsch. Contractile (excitatory, adrenergic) and relaxant (inhibitory, nitrergic) responses of the rat isolated anococcygeus muscle (Acm) to MkTx I were investigated.

2 MkTx I (0.28 μm) produced a rapid and very marked rise in the tone of the Acm which then gradually waned to the control baseline. Phentolamine (5 μm), guanethidine (5 μm), tetrodotoxin (2 μm) and reserpine pretreatment in vivo (5 mg kg⁻¹ s.c. at 24 h and 5 mg kg⁻¹ i.p. at 3 h) completely blocked the contractile responses of the Acm to MkTx I. The responses to noradrenaline (NA) were blocked by phentolamine, but were potentiated by guanethidine.

3 MkTx I (0.28 μm) also marked and rapidly relaxed the tone of the carbachol (CCh; 3 μm), precontracted Acm. The addition of sodium nitroprusside (SNP; 1 μm) also produced a marked and rapid relaxation of the Acm. TTx (2 μm) or N^G-nitro-L-arginine methylester (L-NAME, 50 μm) markedly inhibited the relaxant responses of the Acm to field stimulation (FS) as well as to MkTx I, but not the responses to SNP.

4 Therefore, the contractile responses of the rat anococcygeus muscle to MkTx I can be attributed to the release of transmitter NA acting on postjunctional α-adrenoceptors, whereas the relaxant responses of the Acm to MkTx I involve the release of nitric oxide as the neurotransmitter which, presumably, results in the activation of the enzyme guanylate cyclase leading to relaxation of the muscle.

Document Type: Original article

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2680.1997.00448.x

Affiliations: 1: Venom and Toxin Research Group, Departments of Anatomy, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119260, 2: Venom and Toxin Research Group, Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine; Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119260, 3: Bioscience Centre, Faculty of Science; and Bioprocessing Technology Centre, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119260, 4: Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine; Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119260,

Publication date: 1997-04-01

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