Authors: Krisinger, Michael J.¹; Guo, Li Jun¹; Salvagno, Gian Luca²; Guidi, Gian Cesare²; Lippi, Giuseppe²; Dahlbäck, Björn¹

Source: FEBS Journal, Volume 276, Number 22, November 2009 , pp. 6586-6602(17)

Publisher: Wiley-Blackwell

Abstract:

Mouse anticoagulant protein C (461 residues) shares 69% sequence identity with its human ortholog. Interspecies experiments suggest that there is an incompatibility between mouse and human protein C, such that human protein C does not function efficiently in mouse plasma, nor does mouse protein C function efficiently in human plasma. Previously, we described a series of human activated protein C (APC) Gla domain mutants (e.g. QGNSEDY-APC), with enhanced membrane affinity that also served as superior anticoagulants. To characterize these Gla mutants further in mouse models of diseases, the analogous mutations were now made in mouse protein C. In total, seven mutants (mutated at one or more of positions P¹⁰S¹²D²³Q³²N³³) and wild-type protein C were expressed and purified to homogeneity. In a surface plasmon resonance-based membrane-binding assay, several high affinity protein C mutants were identified. In Ca²⁺ titration experiments, the high affinity variants had a significantly reduced (four-fold) Ca²⁺ requirement for half-maximum binding. In a tissue factor-initiated thrombin generation assay using mouse plasma, all mouse APC variants, including wild-type, could completely inhibit thrombin generation; however, one of the variants denoted mutant III (P10Q/S12N/D23S/Q32E/N33D) was found to be a 30- to 50-fold better anticoagulant compared to the wild-type protein. This mouse APC variant will be attractive to use in mouse models aiming to elucidate the in vivo effects of APC variants with enhanced anticoagulant activity.

Keywords: anticoagulation; Gla domain; mouse protein C; mouse plasma; protein-membrane interactions

Document Type: Research article

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1742-4658.2009.07371.x

Affiliations: 1:  Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Chemistry, Lund University, University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden 2:  Clinical Chemistry Section, Department of Morphological-Biomedical Sciences, University Hospital of Verona, Italy

Publication date: 2009-11-01

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