Authors: Rosenfalck, A. M.; Almdal, T.; Viggers, L.; Madsbad, S.; Hilsted, J.

Source: Diabetic Medicine, Volume 23, Number 4, April 2006 , pp. 384-392(9)

Publisher: Wiley-Blackwell

Abstract:

Aims 

To compare the effects on insulin sensitivity, body composition and glycaemic control of the recommended standard weight-maintaining diabetes diet and an isocaloric low-fat diabetes diet during two, 3-month periods in patients with Type 1 diabetes. Methods 

Thirteen Type 1 patients were included, of whom 10 completed the cross-over study. Ten non-diabetic, matched control subjects were also examined. Body composition was estimated by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) whole-body scanning, diet intake was monitored by 7-day dietary record and insulin sensitivity was measured by the insulin clamp technique at baseline and after each of the diet intervention periods. Results 

On an isocaloric low-fat diet, Type 1 diabetic patients significantly reduced the proportion of fat in the total daily energy intake by 12.1% (or −3.6% of total energy) as compared with a conventional diabetes diet (P = 0.039). The daily protein and carbohydrate intake increased (+4.4% of total energy intake, P = 0.0049 and +2.5%, P = 0.34, respectively), while alcohol intake decreased (−3.2% of total energy intake, P = 0.02). There was a significant improvement in insulin sensitivity on the isocaloric, low-fat diet compared with the standard diabetes diet [7.06 ± 2.16 mg/kg/min (mean ± sd) vs. 5.52 ± 2.35 mg/kg/min (P = 0.03)]. However, insulin sensitivity remained 33% lower than in the control subjects (P = 0.021). No significant changes occurred in body weight or body composition. Glycated haemoglobin rose during both diet intervention periods (P = 0.18), with no difference between the two diets. Conclusions 

Change to an isocaloric, low-fat diet in Type 1 diabetic patients during a 3-month period resulted in significant improvement in insulin sensitivity without improvement in glycaemic control. However, insulin sensitivity remained 33% lower than in control subjects.

Diabet. Med. (2006)

Keywords: body composition; dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scanning; insulin sensitivity; low-fat diet; Type 1 diabetes

Document Type: Research article

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-5491.2005.01810.x

Publication date: 2006-04-01

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